Even though high yield securities are very ordinary investments currently, this was not always so. During previous decades, investors associated high yield bonds with investment scandals and corrupt financiers. Today, many investors still opt for the comparable safety of investment grade bonds like U.S. Treasurys. But interest rates on all higher quality bonds have been steadily declining for many years. Now they’ve reached record lows, which makes it very difficult to put together a good fixed income portfolio for retirement. Now might be a good time to reconsider high yield bonds, because it’s one of the only areas that offers good interest rates in today’s markets.
Initially, investing in fixed income can seem a little overwhelming initially. As a bond investor, you have a numerous possible choices. First, you could buy high quality bonds, often from governments. Second, you could invest in highly rated AAA or similar corporate debt. Doing this would be fairly low risk. In fact, some corporations are now paying lower yields than many government bonds. Finally, you can invest part of your savings in high yield bonds.
It’s not impossible to purchase individual high yield bonds directly from the issuing corporation. But such individual purchases are hardly ever a practical approach for the average investor. The bond market is ruled by institutional players, who spend their days studying company financials and constructing portfolios with maximum returns and minimum volatility. Luckily for you and me, there are many excellent high yield bond funds and ETFs on the market. They’re managed by professional portfolio managers, and offer the necessary benefit of diversification. For instance, two of the most popular high yield bond ETFs (with ticker symbols JNK and HYG) currently hold 223 and 446 different fixed income securities in their fund respectively. The same is true for a lot of of the available high yield bond mutual funds: they hold hundreds of individual securities, mitigating some of the impact of default and capital depreciation. You can check out Morningstar, Yahoo Finance or any other popular investment websites and easily find good high yield mutual funds.
You have to be somewhat mindful about when to invest in high yield. One approach is to track the so-called interest “spread” between high yield and high grade securities. High yield bonds often yield between four and 6 percent more than safer bonds. During economic crises, this spread rises, as investors sell speculative bonds and buy government and other less risky bonds. Corporations selling high yield bonds then have to pay a high rate of interest to get investors to buy their bonds, so the spread may be six percent or sometimes even higher. This is often the best time to purchase high yield funds. For instance, during the global financial meltdown in 2008 and 2009, the high yield spread increased to more than seven percent over U.S. Treasury Bonds. High yield bonds have performed really well since then.
You should also be aware of the fact that high yield bond prices frequently decline during economic recessions. So in a way, they behave like the stock market. This implies potential investment losses.
Don’t allow the bad reputation of high yield bonds prevent you from seriously considering them as a valuable source of income for your investment portfolio. But also bear in mind that high yield bonds are a lot riskier than many higher grade fixed income securities. With the added yield comes increased risk — in investing, there’s no free lunch.